Issue: Server 2012. WSUS Role. Running the WSUS console as administrator, and running "import updates", looking for 2775511 (which is not available in a normal sync), I can add, but after choosing "view basket", Import, it thinks about it for a while, then Fails with error 80131509.
Research so far: I've found 2 references in the forums here to that specific error in one case, the person was trying to import updates instead of just letting the normal sync occur, with categories. This isn't my issue--normal syncing works fine. The other reference the individual ended up rebuilding their server from scratch. Since this server was just rebuilt 3 days ago--and syncing works for everything except this--I doubt a server rebuild will be our answer.
I also found this reference, in the catalog web site itself, where apparently 80131509 is a reference to BITS:http://catalog.update.microsoft.com/v7/site/SiteConstants.aspx I checked--BITS is automatic and running on the server.
The details on the "fail" are "if you use a proxy, make sure it's the same proxy being used" (I checked, it is). and then simply that the WSUS server isn't configured correctly. Since normal syncing is working, I doubt it's mis-configured.
What I'm hoping for is either a direct answer "just check this checkbox; and all your troubles are over." <grin> since that's unlikely, does anyone know where the log file is, or how to enable logging, for when the Import Updates is contacting catalog.update.microsoft.com, and attempting to grab the metadata? Maybe a log will tell me exactly what it is missing or looking for. It's at the "Import Progress" screen, where Progress is "waiting", and then a few minutes later it goes to "Fail".
Standardize. Simplify. Automate.